Ingredients: Boulder Balm is made with chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), marshmallow root (Althea officinalis), and locally harvested mullein (Verbascum thapsus) infused hemp seed oil (Cannabis sativa). We add handcraft rosehip (Rosa ssp.), comfrey (Symphytum officinale), and calendula (Calendula officinalis) extracts and combine it with healing arnica butter (Arnica montana), hydrating avocado butter (Persea americana), and soothing cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao). We make our own cedar essential oil by steam distilling local incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), and combine it with ylang-ylang, palmarosa, and myrrh resin. The foresty blend of essential oils and rich healing, soothing herbs, and butter is ideal for repairing the hands, feet, or just about anywhere that needs some serious attention.

Main beneficial properties: anti-inflammatory, healing, antimicrobial, antiseptic, analgesic, soothing.

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FULL RESEARCH 

MULLEIN

Mullein - Figwort family (Varbascum thapsus - Scrophulariaceae) 

For Boulder Balm, we harvested local mullein and infuse it with cold-pressed hemp seed oil. When taken internally, mullein is a powerhouse for the respiratory system. Topically, mullein is used to soften and protect the skin and is excellent for all sorts of skin conditions including painful ones.  The anti-inflammatory nature of this fuzzy leaved plant is bioavailable thanks to the polyphenols (antioxidants), iridoids, and pain-relieving saponins. Also, research has shown mullein to be antibacterial, sedative, narcotic, antiseptic, antiviral, with emollient and demulcent properties. Traditionally, tribes used mullein for pain, wounds, bruisings, or swellings, and during sweat baths. Dried mullein leaves have smoked for relaxation and respiratory conditions for thousands of years. 

Other products that contain mullein - New, unreleased product, coming soon! 

CHAMOMILE

Chamomile - Daisy family (Matriacaria recutita -   Compositae) 

Chamomile is one of the earliest recorded medicinal herbs, used both topically and internally when a calming and relaxing intervention is needed. Internally, this white flower commonly found in tea is used for neurological complaints, mood, and sleep complaints.  Due to the calming nature, chamomile is useful for agitated, inflamed skin, wounds, blisters, and cuts as well as irritating skin conditions.  Research has demonstrated skin regeneration through antioxidative activities. Known for its spasmolytic, sedative, anxiolytic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory actions, chamomile contains flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenes, notably, azulenes which attribute to the blue color the essential oil produces as well as the wound healing, anti-inflammatory effects. 

MARSHMALLOW ROOT

Marshmallow root - Mallow family (Althea officinalis - Malvaceae) 

Marshmallow root is more than just a culinary flavoring, this plant is an emollient with an affinity for soothing and relieving the skin including rough skin, burns, irritation, and/or swollen joints. Marshmallow root is another plant that is used internally for respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints. High in compounds like mucilage that attribute to the soothing effects both internally and topically. The anti-inflammatory effects are related back to the flavonoids present. In the lab, marshmallow root inhibited inflammation by 41-78% in acute cases, and by 52%-68% of chronic inflammation. 

CALENDULA

Calendula - Daisy family (Calendula officinalis - Asteraceae)  

Calendula is a bright yellow flower native to the Mediterranean countries. It was first brought to America by colonists who used this herb for protection. Now it is one of the most common and widespread medicinal plants around the world. The petals are edible and can be added to salads for a color pop with some useful therapeutic benefits. When cooked and added to rice or similar foods, it is known to change the pigment toward yellow. The flower has a wide range of therapeutic uses both internally and topically. 

In Ayurvedic medicine, calendula is cooling, bitter, and pungent.  In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the flower is neutral and drying.  Calendula is associated with the sun and fire element.  Historically, calendula was used as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent integrated similarly to saffron (the most expensive spice in the world). Calendula was used to increase perspiration (fever & flu), to treat jaundice (liver dysfunction), stomach ulcers, during menses, inflammatory eye and skin conditions (wounds, sores, burns, cuts, minor infection, etc.). Calendula was ornamentally and strategically placed to ward off evil energy and infectious disease. The pigment was used for products, from clothing dye to cheese. 

Since the 80s, calendula has shown to be beneficial on tissue regeneration and epithelial tissue development.  Today, triterpenes are applauded for anti-inflammatory capabilities.  The European Union has declared that calendula flower has oromucosal and cutaneous benefits with anti-inflammatory, astringent, immuno-stimulant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-fungal, and vulnerary actions. 

Other products that contain calendula : Bearly There

ROSEHIP

Rosehip - Rose family (Rosa ssp. - Rosaceae) 

Rosehips are established as well-known as an anti-aging, skin healer. Aging can be attributed to time, lifestyle choices, and excessive UV exposure. With antiseptic, antimicrobial, and antioxidative properties, rosehips hydrate skin, regulate oil, are healing for hyperpigmentation, inflammation, skin blemishes, and scarring. Hydrophilic compounds such as ascorbic acid, fatty acids, quercetin, kaempferol, flavonoids, vitamin C, and other polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, reducing tissue damage. Recent research has shown rosehip to be beneficial for painful conditions.

Other products that contain rosehips : Mindful Mist

 COMFREY

Comfrey - Borage family (Symphytum officinale - Boraginaceae)

Comfrey comes from the Latin word confirma, meaning to heal or unite. By no accident, this root is a true powerhouse for skin ailments. Consistent studies indicate comfrey to be useful for anything from bruises and sunburns to insect bites and sprains, strains, and swellings, or the pain that comes with these common human happenings. One of the bioactive compounds in comfrey is allantoin, a compound that speeds up the regeneration of damaged tissue. Other compounds include carotene, asparagine & mucilage (healing), tannin (astringent), rosmarinic acid (antioxidant), alkaloids, and inulin. Together these compounds promote anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, emollient, tonic, and vulnerary (wound healing) actions when used topically. Actually, comfrey is so easy to grow, it can easily become invasive if grown in a home garden.

References

American College of Healthcare Sciences. (2018). Comfrey Monograph.

Cohen, M. (2012). Rosehip: An evidence based herbal medicine for inflammation and arthritis. Australian Family Physician.

Essential Oil and Aromatherapy Experts. (2020). Rosehip benefits, uses for face, skin, hair, and where to buy.

European Medicines Agency. (2018). European Union Herbal Monograph on Calendula officinalis L., flos.

Garcia, G., Tissandié, L., Filippi, J., & Tomi, F. (2017). New Pinane Derivatives Found in Essential Oils of Calocedrus decurrens. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 22(6), 921.

Ibrahim, T. A., El-Hela, A. A., El-Hefnawy, H. M., Al-Taweel, A. M., & Perveen, S. (2017). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of some coniferous plants cultivated in Egypt. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR, 16(1), 328–337

Marmol, I., Sanchez-de-Diego, C., Jimenez-Moreno, N. Ancin-Azpilicueta, C. Rodriguez-Yoldi, M. (2017). Therapeutic applications of rosehips from different Rosa species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18(6), 1137

Michalun, N., & Michalun, M. (2001). Skincare & Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary 2nd Ed. Thomas Learning. ISBN:1562636605

Native American Ethnobotanical Database. (2020). Incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens).

Natural Medicines Database. (2020). Mullein; Chamomile, Marshmallow root: Professional Monographs.

Panchal, M., Murti, K., & Lambole, V. (2010). Pharmacological properties of verbascum thapsus- a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(2).

Tabassum, N., & Hamdani, M. (2014). Plants used to treat skin diseases. Pharmacognosy reviews, 8(15), 52–60.

Ulbricht, C. (2010). Natural Standard: Herb and Supplement Guide. Mosby: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-07295-3

U.S. Forest Service. (2015). Calocedrus decurrens: Fire effects information system (FEIS).

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Ingredients: We make our own *cedar floral water (a.k.a. hydrosol or hydroflorates) by steam distilling local incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). We add handcraft rosehip (Rosa ssp.), comfrey (Symphytum officinale), and calendula (Calendula officinalis) extracts and combine them with healing aloe (Aloe vera) and hydrating vegetable glycerin with skin toning witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) and willow bark (Salix alba) extracts. The floral blend of energy clearing geranium and rosewood, with energizing peppermint and tea tree is a divine combination to help you find your happy place. 

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FULL RESEARCH

Incense-cedar

 Incense-cedar - Cypress family (Calocedrus decurrens - Cuppresaceae)

We make our own *cedar floral water (a.k.a. hydrosol or hydroflorates) by steam distilling local incense cedar. This aromatic California native grows in Sierra Nevadas at elevations up to 7,000 feet. Like many coniferous trees, incense-cedar is known to have astringent, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, tonic, and antimicrobial activities on the skin. In alternative medicine, incense-cedar is used for coughs and colds, congestion, as a disinfectant, stimulant, and for muscle pain. Native Americans used incense-cedar as a steam bath or inhalant for colds. Today the therapeutic benefits are attributed to the bioactive compounds pinene, myrcene, carene, limonene, and terpinolene. 

Comfrey

Comfrey - Borage family (Symphytum officinale - Boraginaceae)

Comfrey comes from the Latin word confirma, meaning to heal or unite. By no accident, this root is a true powerhouse for skin ailments. Consistent studies indicate comfrey to be useful for anything from bruises and sunburns to insect bites and sprains, strains, and swellings, or the pain that comes with these common human happenings. One of the bioactive compounds in comfrey is allantoin, a compound that speeds up the regeneration of damaged tissue. Other compounds include carotene, asparagine & mucilage (healing), tannin (astringent), rosmarinic acid (antioxidant), alkaloids, and inulin. Together these compounds promote anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, emollient, tonic, and vulnerary (wound healing) actions when used topically. Actually, comfrey is so easy to grow, it can easily become invasive if grown in a home garden.

Calendula

Calendula - Daisy family (Calendula officinalis - Asteraceae)  

Calendula is a bright yellow flower native to the Mediterranean countries. It was first brought to America by colonists who used this herb for protection. Now it is one of the most common and widespread medicinal plants around the world. The petals are edible and can be added to salads for a color pop with some useful therapeutic benefits. When cooked and added to rice or similar foods, it is known to change the pigment toward yellow. The flower has a wide range of therapeutic uses both internally and topically. 

In Ayurvedic medicine, calendula is cooling, bitter, and pungent.  In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the flower is neutral and drying.  Calendula is associated with the sun and fire element.  Historically, calendula was used as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent integrated similarly to saffron (the most expensive spice in the world). Calendula was used to increase perspiration (fever & flu), to treat jaundice (liver dysfunction), stomach ulcers, during menses, inflammatory eye and skin conditions (wounds, sores, burns, cuts, minor infection, etc.). Calendula was ornamentally and strategically placed to ward off evil energy and infectious disease. The pigment was used for products, from clothing dye to cheese. 

Since the 80s, calendula has shown to be beneficial on tissue regeneration and epithelial tissue development.  Today, triterpenes are applauded for anti-inflammatory capabilities.  The European Union has declared that calendula flower has oromucosal and cutaneous benefits with anti-inflammatory, astringent, immuno-stimulant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-fungal, and vulnerary actions. 

Rosehip

Rosehip - Rose family (Rosa ssp. - Rosaceae) 

Rosehips are established as well-known as an anti-aging, skin healer. Aging can be attributed to time, lifestyle choices, and excessive UV exposure. With antiseptic, antimicrobial, and antioxidative properties, rosehips hydrate skin, regulate oil, are healing for hyperpigmentation, inflammation, skin blemishes, and scarring. Hydrophilic compounds such as ascorbic acid, fatty acids, quercetin, kaempferol, flavonoids, vitamin C, and other polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, reducing tissue damage. Recent research has shown rosehip to be beneficial for painful conditions.

Aloe

Aloe - Succulent family (Aloe vera - Asphodelaceae) 

Aloe has been shown to supply moisture directly to tissues and produce a relaxing and cooling effect, making it the most sought after herb for sunburns and skin healing. Aloe grows in hot, dry climates like cactuses and succulents. In the United States, aloe is cultivated in Florida, Texas, and Arizona. Aloe has hydrating, softening, healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties for a variety of skin conditions. Aloe has been shown to supply moisture directly to tissues and produce a relaxing and cooling effect. 

Witch hazel

Witch hazel - Witch hazel family (Hamamelis virginiana - Hamamelidaceae) 

Witch hazel, the hydrosol extract of the (Hamamelis virginiana) plant, can be found in just about any market thanks to the FDA approval as an over-the-counter astringent. Witch hazel is a shrub/small tree native to the East Coast of America that has been used as an astringent due to the high tannin content to treat inflammation and swelling. Witch hazel is approved for minor skin injuries, bruises, and sprains.  Since the 90s, witch hazel has been shown to be effective against sunburns and inflammation caused by UV-damage. Witch hazel leaf contains tannins, antioxidants, flavonoids, and essential oils and is most commonly used as a face toner. 

Willow bark

Willow bark - Willow family (Salix alba - Salicaceae)

The medicinal uses of willow bark have their origins in Greek medicine. In the Middle Ages, this shrub was used to reduce fevers, relieve pain, and inflammation. In the 1800s, glycosidic compounds and salicylates were identified as the catalysts for the potent benefits. In fact, salicylic acid was first found in meadowsweet, then used to derive the popular drug, aspirin. Today, willow bark is used as an antioxidant, tonic, and astringent for a variety of dermal conditions. 

Mindful Mist is the perfect botanical remedy to add to your breathwork, meditation, yoga practice, or workout. Spray directly on to your face, body, or around your space to utilize this healing, energizing, and centering remedy. With antimicrobial, toning, antioxidant, and regenerative herbal powerhouses for skincare, mixed with cooling and relaxing floral aromatherapy, you can heal your skin and ease your mind with one spray. Science shows antimicrobial, toning, antioxidant, regenerative, relieving, healing, cooling, and relaxing properties of the flowers and plants in the formula.

References

American Botanical Council. (2000). Herbal Medicine Expanded Commission E: Witch Hazel Leaf & Bark.

American Botanical Council. (2000). Herbal Medicine Expanded Commission E: Willow Bark.

American College of Healthcare Sciences. (2018). Comfrey Monograph.

Cohen, M. (2012). Rosehip: An evidence based herbal medicine for inflammation and arthritis. Australian Family Physician.

Essential Oil and Aromatherapy Experts. (2020). Rosehip benefits, uses for face, skin, hair, and where to buy.

European Medicines Agency. (2018). European Union Herbal Monograph on Calendula officinalis L., flos. 

Garcia, G., Tissandié, L., Filippi, J., & Tomi, F. (2017). New Pinane Derivatives Found in Essential Oils of Calocedrus decurrens. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 22(6), 921.

Ibrahim, T. A., El-Hela, A. A., El-Hefnawy, H. M., Al-Taweel, A. M., & Perveen, S. (2017). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of some coniferous plants cultivated in Egypt. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR, 16(1), 328–337

Marmol, I., Sanchez-de-Diego, C., Jimenez-Moreno, N. Ancin-Azpilicueta, C. Rodriguez-Yoldi, M. (2017). Therapeutic applications of rosehips from different Rosa species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18(6), 1137

Michalun, N., & Michalun, M. (2001). Skincare & Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary 2nd Ed. Thomas Learning. ISBN:1562636605

Native American Ethnobotanical Database. (2020). Incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens).

Natural Medicines Database. (2020). Aloe.

Ulbricht, C. (2010). Natural Standard: Herb and Supplement Guide. Mosby : Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-07295-3

U.S. Forest Service. (2015). Calocedrus decurrens: Fire effects information system (FEIS).

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Ingredients: The combination of nut and seed oils includes sweet almond oil (Oleum amygdalae), grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera), hemp oil (Cannabis sativa), and avocado oil (Persea americana). Healing herbs including handcrafted echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), calendula (Calendula officinalis), and self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) extracts. Lastly, Bearly There contains the warm and cozy forest aroma of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), frankincense (Boswellia serrata), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and our own harvested and distilled juniper berry (Juniperus) essential oil.

Oil blend Lightweight and hydrating blend of sweet almond, grape seed oil, hemp oil, and avocado oil. Vitamin E essential antioxidant for the skin.

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FULL RESEARCH

Echinacea

Echinacea - Daisy family (Echinacea purpurea - Asteraceae) 

Echinacea is a well-known herb with immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, anti-infectious, and skin healing properties. The International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2010) evaluated the effects of echinacea on the skin.  Results showed that after one month of topical application, echinacea protected against oxidative stress, reduced wrinkles, and improved skin hydration. In Canada, researchers from the Journal of Phytotherapy Research (2010) found echinacea to be useful for acne and inflamed follicles due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions on the skin. 

Self-heal

Self-heal - Mint family (Prunella Vulgaris - Lamiaceae)

Self-heal, also known as “heal all,” has been used for thousands of years as a multi-purpose herbal remedy.  This purple flowering member of the mint family is used as a purifying and healing herb for topical and internal use. Self-heal is an edible flower that can be cooked and eaten, used as a tea, essential oil, or in skincare. Although aging is unavoidable, environmental factors, genetic makeup, dietary and lifestyle habits are great influencers on how your skin will age. Your daily skin and health care regime are important lifestyle habits to maintain the integrity of your skin. Normal aging causes fine, and pale wrinkles; photo-damage causes more coarse wrinkles and skin roughness.

Throughout history, P. vulgaris has been used for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the last year or two, multiple studies confirmed the skin protective and anti-aging effects of this herbal powerhouse.  In a study conducted by the Journal of Rejuvenation Research (2018), researchers found self-heal to be protective against inflammation and UV damage. Results showed enhanced collagen synthesis, reduced radical oxygen species (ROS) associated with photo-aging. This is especially important to us outdoor enthusiasts since we are at a higher risk of UV irradiation, which causes skin damage, inflammation, wrinkles, oxidative and cellular damage. Self-heal was able to reduce hormones (glucocorticoid hormones such as hydrocortisone or cortisol) associated with age, stress, and declining skin structure. Excessive GH has been shown to reduce skin integrity (thinning and flattening of cells) and reduced collagen content (Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2018).

Calendula 

Calendula - Daisy family (Calendula officinalis - Asteraceae)

Calendula is a bright yellow flower native to the Mediterranean countries. It was first brought to America by colonists who used this herb for protection (spiritually and physically). Now it is one of the most common and widespread medicinal plants around the world. It typically blooms with the beginning of summer and is commonly associated with the new moon. Calendula can also be referred to as marigold but it is different than the common garden marigold, which is of the Tagetes species. The petals are edible and can be added to salads for a color pop with some useful therapeutic benefits. When cooked and added to rice or similar foods, it is known to change the pigment toward yellow. The flower has a wide range of therapeutic uses both internally and topically. 

In Ayurvedic medicine, calendula is cooling, bitter, and pungent. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the flower is neutral and drying.  Calendula is associated with the sun and fire element. Historically, calendula was used as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent integrated similarly to saffron (the most expensive spice in the world). Calendula was used to increase perspiration (fever & flu), to treat jaundice (liver dysfunction), stomach ulcers, during menses, inflammatory eye and skin conditions (wounds, sores, burns, cuts, minor infection). Calendula was ornamentally and strategically placed to ward off evil energy and infectious disease. The pigment was used for products, from clothing dye to cheese. 

Since the 80s, calendula had a beneficial effect on tissue regeneration and epithelial tissue development.  Today, triterpenes are applauded for anti-inflammatory capabilities. The European Union has declared that calendula flower has oromucosal and cutaneous benefits with anti-inflammatory, astringent, immuno-stimulant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-fungal, and vulnerary actions. 

Ylang Ylang 

Ylang ylang - Souprsop family (Cananga odorata - Annonaceae) 

Ylang ylang is considered a tonic for the heart and a relaxant for the nervous system.  Fresh, floral, and fruity, ylang ylang essential oil is most commonly used in aromatherapy to improve mood and cognitive function. This flower is used as a sedative, antiseptic, and as an aphrodisiac (in Indonesia they spread ylang ylang flowers on the beds of newlyweds). A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of transdermal absorption by assessing physiological parameters (temperature, pulse, breathing, and blood pressure). The people involved in the study found themselves calmer and more relaxed than those in the control group. Many other studies over the last 13 years have shown consistent results (American Botanical Council, 2007; Hongratanaworakit & Buchbauer, 2006). Since 2006, researchers found ylang ylang to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, skin healing activities. Traditional uses range from asthma treatment to sexual anxiety, headaches, infections to itchy skin.  Ylang ylang contains germacrene, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, linalool and trace amounts of others (Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2015; Han, Beaumont, & Stevens, 2017).

Frankincense 

Frankincense - Torchwoods family (Boswellia serrata - Burseraceae)

The use of frankincense dates back thousands of years. Frankincense was used for rejuvenation in ancient Egypt in facial masks, makeup, and salves for rejuvenation (American Botanical Council, 2010).  It was used during ancient rituals and ceremonies, integrated into ancient medicine like Traditional Chinese and Ayurveda, during the Roman and Greek empires, and in religious texts as in Christianity and Judaism (Cohen, 2019). Frankincense is the sap or resin harvested from the tree trunks of B. carteri trees. The resin can be distilled into therapeutic essential oils. Frankincense is known most commonly for its neurological benefits, reducing pain, and improving the condition of the skin. Preliminary studies suggest using .5% Boswellia face cream significantly reduced fine surface lines, roughness, and photo-aging scores compared to baseline. Clinically, this tree resin has shown to improve painful conditions (47% reduction) and decrease stiffness. Studies show frankincense can be useful for headaches, aging skin, acne, and bruises though more consistent research is needed (Natural Medicines Database, 2019).  The oil has been shown to help slow the breathing and calm the mind, allowing more oxygen to be taken in the body (American Botanical Council, 2010). 

Clove

Clove - Myrtle family (Syzygium aromaticum - Myrtaceae)

Cloves come from an evergreen tree in the Indonesian islands. Cloves are formed as the flowers mature. Cloves are used in tobacco products, essential oil, as a culinary spice, and tea (Chai). Applied topically, clove has a numbing, anesthetic quality due to the potent eugenol content. In fact, clove oil has been used in dental procedures at one-fifth of the cost of conventional anesthetics. Clove has been shown to have antimicrobial effects on the skin.  Clove has also been used as a mild aphrodisiac, for nausea, and poor circulation (Natural Medicines Database, 2019). According to Pharmaceutical biology (2017), clove was shown to have antioxidant, tissue-remodeling, and anti-inflammatory properties with the ability to improve the cell cycle and cellular stress responses accredited it to eugenol. 

Juniper Berry 

Juniper - Cypress family (Juniperus - Cupressaceae)

The star local plant of this product, Juniper was considered sacred by indigenous people (American Botanical Council, 2003).   In European countries, the bark is burned in hospital rooms to purify the air (NMD, 2019). According to the American Botanical Council (2003), juniper berries were used in baths as early as 1311 as an anti-inflammatory for itchy skin and allergic reactions. By the 15th century, juniper berry was also used as antibacterial for treating infectious wounds. Externally juniper berry is used as an analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, expectorant, rubefacient, stimulant, astringent, styptic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sedative. As a wilderness medicine, crushed berries can be applied as a poultice for infections and wounds, swollen joints, and sore muscles. Juniper has also been shown to be useful outdoors as an insect repellent (ACHS, 2018). The aromatics are useful for respiratory conditions and headaches (American Botanical Council, 2003).

To see the full Juniper berry monograph go here 

CBD

Our skin has an entire system dedicated to utilizing CBD, the endocannabinoid system.  Our skin recognizes CBD and involves a sequence of receptors to regulate the skin cells.  Medical studies demonstrate that CBD increases cellular strength, growth, and differentiation. This allows increases immunity, reduces inflammation, and provides antioxidants to treat all sorts of skin conditions.

Bearly There is a lightweight, daily, all-in-one skin cleanser and hydrator. Apply to your skin, hair, beard, cuticles, or just about anywhere on your body that needs some love. Bearly There contains a lightweight and hydrating blend of seed and nut oils infused with handmade herbal extracts. This time, we harvested and distilled local Juniper berries to create the cozy Tahoe forest aroma, combined with the warm and soulful frankincense, ylang ylang, and clove essential oils. Science shows healing, hydrating, anti-aging, uv-protective, antimicrobial, mood enhancing, circulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of the flowers, plants, and berries in the formula.

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References

American Botanical Council. (2018). Calendula Flower: Expanded Commission E.

American Botanical Council. (2010). Frankincense [HerbClipNews].

American Botanical Council. (2007). Ylang Ylang - the flower of flowers [HerbClip]

Cohen, J. (2019). A wise man’s cure: Frankincense and Myrrh.

European Medicines Agency. (2018). European Union Herbal Monograph on Calendula officinalis L., flos.

Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.biopen.2017.04.001

Han, X., & Parker, T. (2017). Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 1619–1622. doi:10.1080/13880209.2017.1314513

Hongratanaworakit, T. & Buchbauer, G. (2006). Relaxing effect of ylang ylang oil on humans after transdermal absorption. Phytotherapy Research. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1950

Natural Medicines Database. (2019). Boswellia [professional monograph].

Natural Medicines Database. (2019). Clove oil [professional monograph].

Natural Medicines Database. (2019). Ylang Ylang oil [professional monograph].

Roh, K., Park, D., & Jung, E. (2018). Inhibitory Effects of Prunella vulgaris L. Extract on 11β-HSD1 in Human Skin Cells. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2018, 1762478. doi:10.1155/2018/1762478

Sharma, M., Schoop, R., Suter, A., & Hudson, J. (2010). The potential use of Echinacea in acne: a control of Propionibacterium acnes growth and inflammation. Phytotherapy Research, 25(4), doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3288

Tan, L., Lee, L., Yin, W., Chan, C., Abdul Kadir, H., Chan, K., & Goh, B. (2015). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2015, 896314. doi:10.1155/2015/896314

Thompson, K. (2019). Calendula Monograph [Herb Rally].

Yotsawimonwat, J., Rattandechsakul, P., Rattandechsakul, S. (2010). Skin improvement and stability of Echinacea purpurea dermatological formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 32(5), doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00559

Zhang, M., Hwang, E., Lin, P., Gao, W., Ngo, H., & Yi, T. H. (2018). Prunella vulgaris L. Exerts a Protective Effect Against Extrinsic Aging Through NF-κB, MAPKs, AP-1, and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathways in UVB-Aged Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Rejuvenation research, 21(4), 313–322. doi:10.1089/rej.2017.1971

Juniper Berry - Cypress Family

Juniperus ssp. - Cupressaceae 

Juniper is a native North American evergreen tree that resides in the mountains and high desert.  Sierra juniper (J. grandis) is the main juniper species of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, though J. communis and J. occidentalis can be found. Sierra juniper trees are amongst the oldest plants in Tahoe, some that are 1,000 years old. These beauties have adapted to thrive in a range of elevations from 3,000 to 10,000 feet. J. grandis can be found locally from Desolation Wilderness to Truckee, and J. communis and J. occidentalis are scattered from Tahoe to the Nevada desert.  Juniper trees are most easily identifiable by being smaller and bushier than many nearby conifers.  Typically they are found on rocky and open terrain on northern slopes. Further into the North Eastern high desert of Reno, they thrive and/or near sagebrush communities, where the low brush serves as shade for germinating seeds.  These seeds or “berries” are used in a wide range of products from gin to medicine to skincare (ACHS, 2018; U.S. Department of Agriculture & Forest Service, 2019; Plants of the Tahoe Basin, 1999). 

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture & Forest Service (2019), juniper berries are not actually berries at all, they are female cones. You will only find juniper berries on female trees that are between 20 to 70 years old. Juniper berries take 1-3 years to ripen; unripe berries are green and they ripen to a purple-blue color. The berries survive through the winter, making them a strong, hearty, year-round backcountry tea or culinary ingredient. They can be sweet and pleasant to bitter and spicy depending on the stage of the berry.  Ripe berries can be eaten off the tree, 5-6 berries brewed into a tea, or in our case, fresh berries are distilled into a woodsy-piney-nutty medicinal aromatic essential oil. The oils are more abundant before they fully mature due to the increased resin production before full maturation (ACHS, 2018).  

Juniper was considered sacred by may groups of indigenous people. People have been collecting the wood for its aromatic smoke for millennia. Among 70 wooden artifacts were preserved inside the tombs in 500BCE, 4 were made from juniper trees. When burned, juniper releases a rich turpentine perfume, which is important for Tibetan Buddhist ceremonies today.  In European countries, the bark is burned in hospital rooms to purify the air. Juniper berries were used in baths as early as 1311 as an anti-inflammatory for itchy skin and allergic reactions. By the 15th century, juniper berry was used as antibacterial for treating compromised skin (American Botanical Council, 2003, NMD, 2019).

Juniper berries yield .5 to 3.2% essential oil depending on environmental variables. The oil contains antiseptic, antibacterial, and antioxidant monoterpenes alpha-pinene (20-50%), cadinene (10%), limonene (5-9%), myrcene (8.5%), borneol (8%), caryophyllene (7.2%), germacrene (7%), and small traces of sabinene, beta-pinene. The berries contain glucose, fructose, tannins, bitters, flavone glycosides, resin, wax, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and vitamin C (ACHS, 2018; NMD, 2019; Antioxidants, 2014).  

Therapeutic qualities

Internally: anodyne, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, aromatic, bitter, tonic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue, rubefacient, stimulant, and stomachic. Taken medicinally, juniper berries can aid in digestion and gastrointestinal complaints, and cleanse the kidneys. Similar to many conifers, juniper berry is used for congestion and respiratory conditions. 

Externally: analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, expectorant, rubefacient, stimulant, astringent, styptic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sedative. As a wilderness medicine, crushed berries can be applied as a poultice for infections and wounds, swollen joints, and sore muscles. Juniper has also been shown to be useful outdoors as an insect repellent. The aromatics are useful for respiratory conditions and headaches. 

Caution: Due to conflicting evidence, avoid use during pregnancy or nursing.

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References

1. Alakbarov, F. (2003). Aromatic Herbal Baths of the Ancients. American Botanical Council.

2. American College of Healthcare Sciences, ACHS. (2018).  Juniperus - Juniper Berry Monograph.

3. Fryer, J. & Tirmenstein, D. (2019). Juniperus occidentalis. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.

4. Graf, M. (1999). Plants of the Tahoe Basin. California Native Plant Society Press. ISBN9680520215412

5. Höferl, M., Stoilova, I., Schmidt, E., Wanner, J., Jirovetz, L., Trifonova, D., … Krastanov, A. (2014). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism. Antioxidants, 3(1), 81–98. doi:10.3390/antiox3010081

6. NMD. (2019). Juniper Monograph. Natural Medicines Database.

7. Ren, M., Tang, Z., Wu, X., Spengler, R., Jiang, H., Yang, Y., & Boivin, N. (2019). The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs. Sciences Advances, 5(6).

Regular Massage

Getting a massage can improve your mood, wellbeing, relaxation circulation, and pain relief.

Aromatherapy Massage

A common use of aromatherapy is during massages to promote relaxation and stress reduction. Essential oils can be used in blends created for fragrance, as in many natural products.  However, the benefits and uses of essential oils as a therapeutic modality go much further. Using aromatherapy in baths, inhalations (steam, diffusion, spritzing), vaporizers, and topically for therapeutic purposes can be useful as part of a CAM plan for certain conditions.  Blends can be created that work synergistically with other oils for a specific purpose and applied in an intentional manner can be beneficial for achieving homeostatic balance.

The CBD Releaf Rollie makes for a perfect addition to a therapeutic massage. Ellie is the perfect person to deliver both. Call Ellie today (775) 842-7515 or click here to reserve your Tahoe Petrichor CBD massage.

Essential oils

Essential oils (EOs) are extremely complex mixtures of organic compounds, mostly carbon, hydrogen (hydrocarbon), oxygen, and occasionally nitrogen and sulfur.  Each plant species has a unique chemical structure of lipid-soluble volatile oils that are captured when making essential oils. A plants’ essential oil can 10s to 100s of different organic compounds.  In nature, the variety of compounds often serve a specific purpose (i.e. insect repellent, nutrient absorption), but for humans (and animals) the variety of compounds is what’s is attributed to the aromatic and therapeutic properties. Our bodies can absorb the active plant compounds via essential oils when applied topically, through ingestion, or inhalation.  Essential oils are extracted from plants using a variety of extraction methods such as co2 distillation, steam distillation, and solvent extraction. Steam extraction is used at Tahoe Petrichor, by using a traditional copper alembic still. Yields from 20 lbs of plant material oftentimes distill down to only 10mL essential oils, which offers an idea of just how potent essentials oils are (Essential Oils, 2015; Curtis, Thomas & Johnson, 2016; Schnaubelt, 2002; Klaassen & Watkins, 2015). 

Absorption 

Topical (transdermal) pathway

According to Klaassen & Watkins (2015), the stratum corneum (outermost layer of skin) is the key player in the body’s ability to absorb [essential oil] topically, although absorption also occurs in hair follicles and glands.  After contact, the permeable compounds pass through the other layers (strata) of the skin through passive diffusion. Beneath the stratum corneum, the epidermis, and the dermis, the compounds travel through the vascular pathways of the dermis. 

Rate of absorption

• Lipophilic compounds (lipid-soluble essential oils, carrier oils, butters, and waxes) are absorbed quicker than water-based products.

• The absorption also depends on diffusivity and the thickness of the localized area.  

• Factors such as the state of the skin (hydration and integrity), temperature (hot baths, vasodilation), solvent, and the molecular size of the permeable ingredients all influence the absorption. 

Techniques for essential oil safety

• Do your own research on the safety of each individual essential oil. 

• Choose reputable sources for essential oils.

  • Artisan distilleries offer a different quality product than commercial manufacturers.

  • Beware of adulterated or synthetic essential oils.

• Avoid using essential oils during pregnancy or take extra precautions.

  • Avoid abortifacient and emmenagogue essential oils completely. 

• Avoid using essential oils that are known allergens.

• Use half-strength for children and the elderly.

• Consult your doctor before using, especially if you have pre-existing conditions (hypertension, cardiac disease, cancer, etc.)

• For safety, only use essential oils topically

  • Herbal preparations teas, tinctures, capsules, and infusions are more appropriate for internal use. 

• Use caution with direct inhalation and diffusion of potentially toxic essential oils. 

Techniques for the application of essential oils

• Conduct a (24-hour) skin patch prior to use, especially with children. 

  • According to Petersen (2015), apply the blend (carrier oil and essential oil) to the inner elbow.  After 5 minutes, check for irritation.

• Due to the non-polar characteristic of oils, diluting essential oils in water will not properly dilute the essential oils. So, always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil or ethanol prior to use

• Follow recommended dosages. Only use a dilution of 1-3% per ounce of carrier oil. 

References:

Curtis, S., Thomas, P., & Johnson, F. (2016). Essential Oils. New York, NY: Penguin Random House. ISBN: 9781465454379

Essential Oils. (2015). Natural Remedies. Berkeley, CA: Althea Press. ISBN: 9781623154240

Klaassen, C. & Watkins, J. (2015). Essentials of Toxicology (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN: 9780071847087

Schnaubelt, K. (2002). How Essential Oils Are Made: Biology of Essential Oils. San Rafael, CA: Terra Linda Scent. Retrieved from: www.mapleholistics.com/blog/natural-vs-synthetic-essential-oils/#doc2

Petersen D. (2015). Aromatherapy Materia Medica Essential Oil Monographs.  American College of Healthcare Science. Portland, OR.

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